Chip sealing is a process used for pavement maintenance, where a layer of asphalt emulsion is sprayed onto the road surface, followed by a layer of aggregate chips, which is then rolled and compacted.

Chip sealing is cost-effective, prolongs pavement life, prevents surface deterioration, provides skid resistance, and enhances appearance. It also seals existing cracks and prevents water penetration.

Common types of aggregate chips used in chip sealing are granite, limestone, gravel, and slag. The chips must meet specific size, shape, and durability requirements to ensure proper bonding with the asphalt emulsion.

While chip sealing is generally considered a highly effective road resurfacing technique, there are some downsides to using it. For example, the crushed stone chips used in the process can create noise and dust, and may require additional maintenance to keep the road surface clean and free of debris. Additionally, chip sealing is not recommended for roads with high levels of heavy truck traffic, as the chips can be dislodged by the weight of these vehicles.

The longevity of a chip seal depends on various factors such as traffic volume, weather conditions, and the quality of materials used. Generally, a well-done chip seal can last up to 7-10 years, after which, it might require retouching or resurfacing.

Chip sealing typically follows a four-step process - surface preparation, binder application, chip spread, and rolling. Before the process begins, the pavement is cleaned, and any cracks or potholes are repaired. Then, the binder, usually emulsified asphalt, is sprayed on the surface, followed by the spread of chips or aggregates using a self-propelled chip spreader. Finally, the surface is compacted using a pneumatic roller, ensuring that all chips are embedded in the binder and the surface is evenly textured.